Session Information
Session Title: AA 2022 Posters - Pandemic
Session Time: None. Available on demand.
Disclosures: Hailey C. Morris, BS: No financial relationships or conflicts of interest
Background and/or Objectives: To determine the feasibility of utilizing M-Mode (motion-mode) for ultrasound imaging and data collection of the diaphragm.
Design: A review of data collected during a prospective, randomized controlled trial.
Setting: Research hospital
Participants: 12 adults (mean age = 39 years) with lab-confirmed SARS-CoV2 infection and persistent exercise intolerance affecting function. Musculoskeletal M-Mode imaging of the left and right diaphragm were acquired using a Samsung RS85 Prestige Ultrasound System and a PA1-5A transducer. Data were cataloged for 3 different breathing conditions: quiet breathing, deep breathing, and sniffing.
Interventions: not applicable
Main Outcome Measures: Images were scored independently by three researchers on a three-point scale. Disagreements were resolved by a senior researcher. Main outcome measures included: percentage of viable images acquired for patients with a range of BMI scores, comparison of image viability between the three breathing conditions, percentage of compromised images for the right and left diaphragm.
Results: BMI did not impact image quality (range: 19.8-37.7). The sniff test yielded the lowest percentage of unusable images (13%) compared to quiet breathing (17%) and deep breathing (21%). Moreover, the left diaphragm yielded a higher number of unmeasurable (92% percent of imaging errors were on the left side). No statistical significance was found in image usability scores between the 3 breathing conditions on either the right or left diaphragm.
Conclusions: M-Mode imaging of the diaphragm is feasible; however, it is accompanied by user-, machine-, and patient-dependent challenges that appear to create more obstacles when imaging the left hemidiaphragm. A sniff test performed during M-mode US imaging is more likely to provide usable measurements of diaphragmatic function than other breathing conditions.
Level of Evidence: Level II
To cite this abstract in AMA style:
Morris HC, Alter KE, Jow SL, Cipriano KJ, Astrow J, Wickstrom J, Asante A, Yonter SJ, Camarillo N. M-mode Imaging of the Diaphragm in Patients with Exercise Intolerance following SARS-COV2 Infection: Practicality and Limitations [abstract]. PM R. 2022; 14(S1)(suppl 1). https://pmrjabstracts.org/abstract/m-mode-imaging-of-the-diaphragm-in-patients-with-exercise-intolerance-following-sars-cov2-infection-practicality-and-limitations/. Accessed May 29, 2025.« Back to AAPM&R Annual Assembly 2022
PM&R Meeting Abstracts - https://pmrjabstracts.org/abstract/m-mode-imaging-of-the-diaphragm-in-patients-with-exercise-intolerance-following-sars-cov2-infection-practicality-and-limitations/